Building Construction Types Fire

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Building Construction Types Fire

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1Residential
2Commercial
3Industrial

Residential[edit]

Single-family detached[edit]

Examples of single-family detached house types include:

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Central-passage house (North America)
Chattel house (Caribbean)
Cottage (various)
Courtyard house (various)
Konak (Asia)
Log house (various)
Housebarn (various)
Split level home (various)
Upper Lusatian house (Europe)

Single-family attached (small multi-family)[edit]

Duplex, semi-detached, double-decker, or two-family
Triplex, triple-decker or three-family
Quadplex, quadruple, or four-family
Townhouse or terraced house

Large multi-family (apartments/flats)[edit]

Garden or walk-up apartments: 1-5 stories, 50-400 units, no elevators^[1]
Mid-rise apartments: 5-9 stories, 30-110 units, with elevators^[1]
High-rise apartments: 9+ stories, 100+ units, professionally managed^[1]
Special-purpose group housing^[1]

Commercial[edit]

Commercial buildings, generally, are buildings used by businesses to sell their products to consumers.^[1]^[2] Att wifi calling apk.

Office[edit]

Office buildings are generally categorized by size and by quality (e.g., 'a low-rise Class A building')^[3]

Office buildings by size
- Low-rise (less than 7 stories)
- Mid-rise (7-25 stories)
- High-rise (more than 25 stories), including skyscrapers (over 40 stories)
Office buildings by quality^[4]^[5]^[6]
- Trophy or 5-star building: A landmark property designed by a recognized architect
- Class A or 4-star building: Rents in the top 30-40% of the local market; well-located; above-average upkeep and management; usually older than a trophy/5-star building
- Class B or 3-star building: Rents between Class A and Class C; fair-to-good locations; average upkeep and management
- Class C or 2-star building: Rents in the bottom 10-20% of the local market; less-desirable locations; below-average upkeep and management
- 1-star building: Does not meet the needs of typical tenants; may be obsolete and/or in need of significant renovation^[4]

Retail[edit]

Retail buildings are categorized by their configuration and size^[7]

Non-freestanding (also known as shopping malls)
- Super-regional shopping center: enclosed space; 800,000+ sqft; 5+ anchor stores with other tenants that sell a very large variety of goods
- Regional shopping center: enclosed space; 400,000–800,000 sqft; 1–5 anchor stores with other tenants that sell a large variety of goods
- Community shopping center: open space; 125,000–400,000 sqft; provides general merchandise and commodities (e.g., supermarket, discount department store)
- Neighborhood shopping center: open space; 3,000–125,000 sqft; provides commodities to nearby neighborhoods (e.g. drug store)
- Strip or convenience shopping center: open space; less than 30,000 sqft; located along suburban transportation arteries on shallow land parcels; a strip may be configured in a straight line, or have an 'L' or 'U' shape
- Lifestyle center: 'Main Street' concept with pedestrian circulation in core and vehicular circulation along perimeter; upscale national chain specialty stores, dining or entertainment (e.g. The Grove, Los Angeles, CA; Americana at Brand, Glendale, CA)
Freestanding: any stand-alone retail structure that is not part of a complex
- Big box: freestanding category-dominant retailer; 50,000+ sqft (e.g.The Home Depot, Target, Walmart)
- Power center: among the largest types of retail properties; 3+ big box anchor stores; multiple large buildings with parking lot in front and loading in back; smaller retailers usually clustered in a community shopping center configuration
- Retail outlet: manufacturers' outlet stores; 50,000–400,000 sqft
- Pop-up retail: a retail location designed to only be in a location temporarily (e.g., a retail store that only opens during a holiday season)

Hotels[edit]

Travelers' hotels

Special-purpose[edit]

Industrial[edit]

Industrial buildings are primarily used for the production and storage/distribution of goods, among other uses.^[8]

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Manufacturing[edit]

Warehouse/distribution[edit]

Warehouses
- Bulk warehouse
- High-cube (an industrial building with a large amount of vertical clearance, a.k.a. 'high bay')
- Warehouse store or retail warehouse
Distribution/fulfillment centers
- Truck terminals

Flex space[edit]

Infrastructure[edit]

Composting facility
Desalination plant
Waste transfer centre
Power generation

Agricultural[edit]

Chicken coop or chickenhouse
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Specialty[edit]

Educational
Civic

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Religious
- Church
  - Cathedral
- Mosque
Government
Military
Transport
- Airport terminal
- Metro (subway, underground) station
- Railway station (or, primarily in US, Railroad station)
- Space port
- Hovercraft
- Ferry terminal
- Cruise terminal
Other

References[edit]

^ ^a^b^c^d^eSchmidt, Robert (2018-11-25). 'Types of Commercial Real Estate'. PropertyMetrics. Retrieved 2018-11-25.
^Marsh, Amanda (2016-05-18). 'The 6 Types of Commercial Real Estate Properties - VTS Blog'. VTS Blog. Retrieved 2018-11-25.
^Sicola, Maria (March 2017). 'Office Terminology'. Commercial Real Estate Terms and Definitions(PDF). The NAIOP Research Foundation. pp. 27–31.
^ ^a^b'CoStar Building Rating System'(PDF). CoStar.
^Wolf, Liz (2016-04-12). 'The 3 Classes of Office Buildings: What Do They Really Mean? - VTS Blog'. VTS Blog. Retrieved 2018-11-25.
^Kugler, Thomas. 'Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) International'. Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) International. Retrieved 2018-11-25.
^Sicola, Maria (March 2017). 'Retail Terminology'. Commercial Real Estate Terms and Definitions(PDF). The NAIOP Research Foundation. pp. 32–36.
^Sicola, Maria (March 2017). 'Industrial Terminology'. Commercial Real Estate Terms and Definitions(PDF). The NAIOP Research Foundation. pp. 21–26.

Fire Code Building Construction Types

See also[edit]

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Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_building_types&oldid=903938121'

Determining a building’s construction type is dependent on quite a number of different factors and requires a keen eye for detail. If you would like to be able to identify a building’s construction type, start with Step 1 below for an overview of how it’s done. You will also find specific information on all six building types.

Overview for Assessing Construction Type

1
How building class is determined: All buildings must be classified into one of six construction classes (see number 3). Classification of a building class is based on two factors: building elements and fire-resistance rating. These factors may not be included in the submission/documentation, in which case additional information will need to be requested.
- Building elements: The building materials used in the construction of the following elements are the foundation for classification, be they wood, steel, or masonry.
  - Structural frame
  - Exterior bearing walls
  - Interior bearing walls
  - Exterior nonbearing walls and partitions
  - Interior non-bearing walls and partitions
  - Floor construction, including supporting beams and joists
  - Roof construction, including supporting beams and joists, are comprised of
- Fire-resistance rating: This is the other factor in determining construction class. The building materials used in the construction of the building elements above will have a fire-resistance rating. Fire-resistance rating typically means the duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test. This can be quantified simply as a measure of time (ex. 0 hours, 1 hour, or 2 hours), or it may entail a host of other criteria involving other evidence of functionality or fitness for purpose.
  - “Minimum” rule: It is important to remember when selecting the construction class that the building is only as strong as its weakest element. For example, a masonry building may have an unprotected wood roof. The wood roof is the weakest member such that it has no fire-resistance. Thus, the construction class would be Joisted Masonry (see below). Now imagine this same building with a metal deck roof. So long as the supporting members of the building do not contain wood then this building would be Masonry Noncombustible (see below).
2
What to ask: To determine the ISO class of the building, we must therefore know the following composition of the building elements:
- Structural frame
- Bearing walls (interior and exterior)
- Floor construction
- Roof construction
- What the fire rating of the materials
3
Building classes: All construction types must be classified into the following (all of which are explained extensively below):
- Frame Construction (ISO Class I, IBC Type V)
- Joisted Masonry (ISO Class 2, IBC Type III, IBC Type IV)
- Light Noncombustible (ISO Class 3, IBC Type IIB)
- Masonry Noncombustible (ISO Class 4, IBC Type IIA)
- Modified Fire Resistive (ISO Class 5, IBC Type IB)
- Fire Resistive (ISO Class 6, IBC Type IA)
4
International Building Code (IBC) versus Insurance Services Office (ISO): These are two major sources identifying construction types, both of which will be addressed in the construction types outlined below. ISO is traditionally what insurance companies use to denote type, whereas IBC is what architects and builders use. While one company may use ISO classifications, many submission documents may reference IBC classifications and it is important to be able to convert this to an ISO classification. (There have been situations where a frame building has been incorrectly classified as fire resistive because the submittal was read incorrectly!) The following explains what is expected under both:
- International Building Code (IBC): This is a model building code developed by the International Code Council (ICC). It has been adopted throughout most of the United States. A large portion of the International Building Code deals with fire prevention. It differs from the related International Fire Code in that the IBC handles fire prevention in regards to construction and design and the fire code handles fire prevention in an ongoing basis. Parts of the code reference other codes including the International Plumbing Code, the International Mechanical Code, the National Electric Code, and various National Fire Protection Association Standards. IBC is more descriptive and also includes A or B types of construction for each class.
  - A is protected, meaning that all structural members of a building or structure have an additional fire rated coating or cover by means of sheetrock, spray on, or other approved method. The additional fire rated coating or cover extends the fire resistance of the structural members by at least 1 hour.
  - B is unprotected, meaning that all structural members of a building or structure have no additional fire rated coating or cover. Exposed members are only fire resistant according to their natural ability, characteristics, and fire rating.
- Insurance Services Office (ISO): This is a provider of data, underwriting, risk management, and legal/regulatory services to property-casualty insurers and other clients.